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        <title>AGP-SMYT00331</title>
        <editor>Roger S. Bagnall</editor>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>Encoded in XML from original publication</resp>
          <name>Tom Elliott</name>
          <name>David M. Ratzan</name>
          <name>Patrick J. Burns</name>
          <name>Georgios Tsolakis</name>
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          <resp>Created scripts automatically generating XML according to EpiDoc Guidelines</resp>
          <name>Hammad Ahmad</name>
          <name>Mackenzie Brooks</name>
          <name>Kyle Helms</name>
          <name>Sara Sprenkle</name>
          <name>Trevor Stalnaker</name>
        </respStmt>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>Principle Contributor</resp>
          <name>Roger S. Bagnall</name>
          <date>2016-10-03</date>
        </respStmt>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Ancient Graffiti Project</publisher>
        <idno ref="URI">https://ancientgraffiti.org/Graffiti/graffito/AGP-SMYT00331</idno>
        <date>2026</date>
        <availability>
          <p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.</p>
        </availability>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl>
          <name>R.S. Bagnall</name>
          <name>R. Casagrande-Kim</name>
          <name>A. Ersoy</name>
          <name>C. Tanriver</name>
          <name>B. Yolaçan</name>
          <title level="m">Graffiti from the Basilica in the Agora of Smyrna</title>
          <publisher>First published by the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World and the New York University Press, 2016.</publisher>
          <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
          <date>2016</date>
        </bibl>
        <msDesc>
          <msIdentifier>
            <repository>EDR</repository>
            <idno>SMYT00331</idno>
          </msIdentifier>
          <msIdentifier>
            <repository>AGP</repository>
            <idno>AGP-SMYT00331</idno>
          </msIdentifier>
          <physDesc>
            <objectDesc>
              <supportDesc>
                <support />
              </supportDesc>
              <layoutDesc>
                <layout>
                  CharcoalGraffito/incised Area:
                  <dimensions>
                    <height unit="centimeter">35</height>
                    <width unit="centimeter">30</width>
                  </dimensions>
                </layout>
              </layoutDesc>
            </objectDesc>
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              <handNote>The first graffito has detached letters, rather cursive in style, 3,5 cm high, and the second graffito is  incised in letters2cm high.</handNote>
            </handDesc>
          </physDesc>
          <history>
            <origin>
              <origPlace>
                <placeName ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550771">Smyrna</placeName>
              </origPlace>
              <origDate notBefore-custom="0180" notAfter-custom="0300" datingMethod="#julian">0180-0300 C.E.</origDate>
            </origin>
            <provenance type="found">
              <placeName ref="ancientgraffiti.org/Graffiti/properties/Smyrna/Agora/1">Basilica of the Agora of Smyrna, Izmir, Turkey</placeName>
            </provenance>
          </history>
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      <calendarDesc>
        <calendar xml:id="julian">
          <p>Julian calendar</p>
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        <p>1–2. ἐξώλης, “utterly destroyed,” is common, with numerous examples in the epigraphy of Asia Minor in phrases like ἐξώλης εἴη καὶ τὰ αὐτοῦ πάντα or ἐξώλης εἴη καὶ αὐτὸς καὶ γένος τὸ ἐκείνου (see PHI Greek Inscriptions for instances, and the comprehensive treatment in Strubbe, J. H. M., Arai epitymbioi: imprecations against desecrators of the grave in the Greek epitaphs of Asia Minor, a catalogue (1997). It is not completely clear if it should be accusative in line 1 as divided here, but the form in line 2 certainly is. The overall syntax is not evident, but it seems likely that destruction is being wished on the reader in line 3. There is a long history of graffiti wishing various ills on their reader; cf., e.g., Milnor, K., Graffiti and the Literary Landscape in Roman Pompeii (2014): 75.
                    4. Trophime is common in Asia Minor, with two examples in LGPN 5A 435 from Smyrna.                    
                    The second graffito could also be the common noun θαλλός, referring to the olive shoots of which crowns were made. But the name is common in Asia (LGPN 5A 209, 5B 190) and seems more likely.</p>
      </div>
      <div type="translation">
        <p />
      </div>
      <div type="commentary">
        <p />
      </div>
      <div type="bibliography">
        <p>Bagnall, R. S. et al., Graffiti from the Basilica in the Agora of Smyrna (2016): 332-333.</p>
      </div>
      <div type="summary">
        <p>Name</p>
      </div>
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