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        <title>AGP-SMYDP1051</title>
        <editor>Roger S. Bagnall</editor>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>Encoded in XML from original publication</resp>
          <name>Tom Elliott</name>
          <name>David M. Ratzan</name>
          <name>Patrick J. Burns</name>
          <name>Georgios Tsolakis</name>
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          <resp>Created scripts automatically generating XML according to EpiDoc Guidelines</resp>
          <name>Hammad Ahmad</name>
          <name>Mackenzie Brooks</name>
          <name>Kyle Helms</name>
          <name>Sara Sprenkle</name>
          <name>Trevor Stalnaker</name>
        </respStmt>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>Principle Contributor</resp>
          <name>Roger S. Bagnall</name>
          <date>2016-10-03</date>
        </respStmt>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Ancient Graffiti Project</publisher>
        <idno ref="URI">https://ancientgraffiti.org/Graffiti/graffito/AGP-SMYDP1051</idno>
        <date>2026</date>
        <availability>
          <p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.</p>
        </availability>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl>
          <name>R.S. Bagnall</name>
          <name>R. Casagrande-Kim</name>
          <name>A. Ersoy</name>
          <name>C. Tanriver</name>
          <name>B. Yolaçan</name>
          <title level="m">Graffiti from the Basilica in the Agora of Smyrna</title>
          <publisher>First published by the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World and the New York University Press, 2016.</publisher>
          <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
          <date>2016</date>
        </bibl>
        <msDesc>
          <msIdentifier>
            <repository>EDR</repository>
            <idno>SMYDP1051</idno>
          </msIdentifier>
          <msIdentifier>
            <repository>AGP</repository>
            <idno>AGP-SMYDP1051</idno>
          </msIdentifier>
          <physDesc>
            <objectDesc>
              <supportDesc>
                <support />
              </supportDesc>
              <layoutDesc>
                <layout>
                  Charcoal Dimensions overall:
                  <dimensions>
                    <height unit="centimeter">29.5</height>
                    <width unit="centimeter">36</width>
                  </dimensions>
                  Dimensions of the man to the left:  25.5 14  Dimensions of the man to the right:  27 17
                </layout>
              </layoutDesc>
            </objectDesc>
            <handDesc />
            <decoDesc>
              <decoNote xml:lang="la">((:certamen gladiatorum))</decoNote>
              <decoNote xml:lang="en">gladiator combat</decoNote>
            </decoDesc>
          </physDesc>
          <history>
            <origin>
              <origPlace>
                <placeName ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550771">Smyrna</placeName>
              </origPlace>
              <origDate notBefore-custom="0180" notAfter-custom="0300" datingMethod="#julian">0180-0300 C.E.</origDate>
            </origin>
            <provenance type="found">
              <placeName ref="ancientgraffiti.org/Graffiti/properties/Smyrna/Agora/1">Basilica of the Agora of Smyrna, Izmir, Turkey</placeName>
            </provenance>
          </history>
        </msDesc>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <profileDesc>
      <calendarDesc>
        <calendar xml:id="julian">
          <p>Julian calendar</p>
        </calendar>
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      <div type="commentary">
        <p>Dipinto of a gladiatorial combat, located on the western face of Pier A105. The scene, partially faded toward the bottom, depicts a combat between two provocatores. Of the man to the right, only the upper half of the body is still preserved: he is drawn in the act of striding forward toward the left with the head and shoulder in profile while the torso, completely covered by the shield, is fully frontal. The head is covered by a visored helmet that descends down to the front and the back to protect the man’s neck; two feathers (one badly preserved) depart from right above his temples. The medium-sized shield is of the blunted oval type, with a horizontal line decorating the middle. The other gladiator is standing, turned toward the right. The figure, rendered in three-quarter, is more schematic: the helmet is barely sketched and the right arm is rendered as a triangle terminating in two parallel lines, probably indicating a short weapon. The body is entirely covered by a medium-sized shield with a very prominent protruding boss. Two straight, thick lines identify the legs, and the feet are rendered by two perpendicular lines.</p>
      </div>
      <div type="bibliography">
        <p>Bagnall, R. S. et al., Graffiti from the Basilica in the Agora of Smyrna (2016): 449.</p>
      </div>
      <div type="summary">
        <p>Drawing of gladiatorial combat</p>
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