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        <title>AGP-SMYD00051</title>
        <editor>Roger S. Bagnall</editor>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>Encoded in XML from original publication</resp>
          <name>Tom Elliott</name>
          <name>David M. Ratzan</name>
          <name>Patrick J. Burns</name>
          <name>Georgios Tsolakis</name>
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          <resp>Created scripts automatically generating XML according to EpiDoc Guidelines</resp>
          <name>Hammad Ahmad</name>
          <name>Mackenzie Brooks</name>
          <name>Kyle Helms</name>
          <name>Sara Sprenkle</name>
          <name>Trevor Stalnaker</name>
        </respStmt>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>Principle Contributor</resp>
          <name>Roger S. Bagnall</name>
          <date>2016-10-03</date>
        </respStmt>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Ancient Graffiti Project</publisher>
        <idno ref="URI">https://ancientgraffiti.org/Graffiti/graffito/AGP-SMYD00051</idno>
        <date>2026</date>
        <availability>
          <p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.</p>
        </availability>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl>
          <name>R.S. Bagnall</name>
          <name>R. Casagrande-Kim</name>
          <name>A. Ersoy</name>
          <name>C. Tanriver</name>
          <name>B. Yolaçan</name>
          <title level="m">Graffiti from the Basilica in the Agora of Smyrna</title>
          <publisher>First published by the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World and the New York University Press, 2016.</publisher>
          <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
          <date>2016</date>
        </bibl>
        <msDesc>
          <msIdentifier>
            <repository>EDR</repository>
            <idno>SMYD00051</idno>
          </msIdentifier>
          <msIdentifier>
            <repository>AGP</repository>
            <idno>AGP-SMYD00051</idno>
          </msIdentifier>
          <physDesc>
            <objectDesc>
              <supportDesc>
                <support />
              </supportDesc>
              <layoutDesc>
                <layout>
                  Charcoal Dimensions:
                  <dimensions>
                    <height unit="centimeter">113</height>
                    <width unit="centimeter">162</width>
                  </dimensions>
                </layout>
              </layoutDesc>
            </objectDesc>
            <handDesc />
            <decoDesc>
              <decoNote xml:lang="la">((:navis))</decoNote>
              <decoNote xml:lang="en">boat</decoNote>
            </decoDesc>
          </physDesc>
          <history>
            <origin>
              <origPlace>
                <placeName ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550771">Smyrna</placeName>
              </origPlace>
              <origDate notBefore-custom="0180" notAfter-custom="0300" datingMethod="#julian">0180-0300 C.E.</origDate>
            </origin>
            <provenance type="found">
              <placeName ref="ancientgraffiti.org/Graffiti/properties/Smyrna/Agora/1">Basilica of the Agora of Smyrna, Izmir, Turkey</placeName>
            </provenance>
          </history>
        </msDesc>
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      <calendarDesc>
        <calendar xml:id="julian">
          <p>Julian calendar</p>
        </calendar>
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      <div type="commentary">
        <p>It depicts a medium-sized commercial vessel sailing on port tack. Clearly visible are the ropes connecting the single mast to the yard (κηροῦχοι), the mast to the boat (πρότονοι), as well as those connecting the sail to the hull (πόδες). The round prow (πρώρα) is decorated with the drawing of an eye, interpretable as the ὀφθαλμός, and two concentric lines that mimic a fish’s operculum, so that the whole prow is shaped to evoke a fish’s head. Despite the large lacuna at the center, the ship seems to have a raised deck to the right of the mast. There, a sailor, his body fully frontal and the face in profile, is rendered with minimal attention for anatomical details. He is shown in the act of attending to a rope connected with the mast, which is covered in rigging. At the stern, a helmsman (κυβερνήτης), seated in elevated position, controls two rudders (πηδάλιοι), shown as raised from the water. There are no signs of other oars. Of the sailor, only the bust and the face turned toward the viewer are visible, both rendered in few and poorly executed details.</p>
      </div>
      <div type="bibliography">
        <p>Bagnall, R. S. et al., Graffiti from the Basilica in the Agora of Smyrna (2016): 96.&lt;br/&gt;                Pomey, P. 2006. “Les graffiti navals de l’agora. Etude preliminaire.” Anatolia Antiqua 14: 328–30, figs. 19–20.</p>
      </div>
      <div type="summary">
        <p>Drawing of a boat</p>
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